Treatment of pectus excavatum with vacuum bell during puberty. / Tratamiento del pectus excavatum con campana de succión durante la pubertad.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the vacuum bell during puberty, according to the daily hours of use and treatment duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients treated with vacuum bell during puberty in the 2010-2021 period was carried out. Several variables were collected, including baseline and final sinking, repaired sinking expressed in cm and as a percentage from baseline sinking, daily hours of use, treatment duration, and complications. Patients were categorized into groups according to the daily hours of use (≤ 3 hours; 4-5 hours; ≥ 6 hours) and treatment duration (6-12 months; 13-24 months; 25-36 months; > 36 months), and they were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients -41 male and 9 female- were studied, with a mean age of 12.5 years (range: 10-14 years). No significant differences among groups were observed in terms of baseline sinking, thoracic index, and final sinking. Repaired sinking did increase with the daily hours of use, with significant differences. Complications were mild. 3 patients withdrew from follow-up, and 5 out of the 25 patients who completed treatment achieved a good repair. CONCLUSIONS: To increase treatment efficacy, the vacuum bell should be used for 6 hours/day during puberty. This method is well-tolerated, causes mild complications, and may be an alternative to surgery in some cases.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de la campana de succión durante la pubertad, según las horas diarias de uso y la duración del tratamiento. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los pacientes tratados con campana de succión durante la pubertad en el periodo 2010-2021. Se recogieron diferentes variables, incluyendo el hundimiento inicial y final, el hundimiento corregido expresado en centímetros y en porcentaje con respecto al hundimiento inicial, las horas diarias de uso, la duración del tratamiento y las complicaciones. Se categorizaron los pacientes en grupos según las horas diarias de uso (≤ 3 horas; 4-5 horas; ≥ 6 horas) y la duración del tratamiento (6-12 meses; 13-24 meses; 25-36 meses; > 36 meses), y se analizaron estadísticamente. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron un total de 50 pacientes; 41 varones y 9 mujeres, con una edad media de 12,5 años (rango 10-14 años). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos en relación con el hundimiento inicial, el índice torácico y el hundimiento final. El hundimiento corregido aumentó en relación con las horas diarias de uso, con diferencias significativas. Las complicaciones fueron leves, 3 pacientes abandonaron el seguimiento y 5 pacientes de los 25 que finalizaron el tratamiento, alcanzaron una buena corrección. CONCLUSIONES: Para aumentar la eficacia del tratamiento, el tiempo de uso de la campana de succión durante la pubertad debería alcanzar las 6 horas diarias. Este método es bien tolerado, presenta leves complicaciones y puede ser una alternativa a la cirugía en algunos casos.

Tratamiento del pectus excavatum con campana de succión durante la pubertad / Treatment of pectus excavatum with vacuum bell during puberty

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la campana de succión durante lapubertad, según las horas diarias de uso y la duración del tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los pacientestratados con campana de succión durante la pubertad en el periodo 2010-2021. Se recogieron diferentes variables, incluyendo el hundimientoinicial y final, el hundimiento corregido expresado en centímetros y enporcentaje con respecto al hundimiento inicial, las horas diarias de uso,la duración del tratamiento y las complicaciones. Se categorizaron lospacientes en grupos según las horas diarias de uso (≤ 3 horas; 4-5 horas;≥ 6 horas) y la duración del tratamiento (6-12 meses; 13-24 meses; 25-36meses; > 36 meses), y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 50 pacientes; 41 varones y9 mujeres, con una edad media de 12,5 años (rango 10-14 años). Nose observaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos enrelación con el hundimiento inicial, el índice torácico y el hundimientofinal. El hundimiento corregido aumentó en relación con las horas diariasde uso, con diferencias significativas. Las complicaciones fueron leves,3 pacientes abandonaron el seguimiento y 5 pacientes de los 25 quefinalizaron el tratamiento, alcanzaron una buena corrección. Conclusiones: Para aumentar la eficacia del tratamiento, el tiempode uso de la campana de succión durante la pubertad debería alcanzarlas 6 horas diarias. Este método es bien tolerado, presenta leves com-plicaciones y puede ser una alternativa a la cirugía en algunos casos.(AU)

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the vacuum bell during puberty,according to the daily hours of use and treatment duration.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of patients treatedwith vacuum bell during puberty in the 2010-2021 period was carried out. Several variables were collected, including baseline and finalsinking, repaired sinking expressed in cm and as a percentage frombaseline sinking, daily hours of use, treatment duration, and complications. Patients were categorized into groups according to the daily hoursof use (≤ 3 hours; 4-5 hours; ≥ 6 hours) and treatment duration (6-12months; 13-24 months; 25-36 months; > 36 months), and they werestatistically analyzed.Results: A total of 50 patients – 41 male and 9 female – were studied, with a mean age of 12.5 years (range: 10-14 years). No significantdifferences among groups were observed in terms of baseline sinking,thoracic index, and final sinking. Repaired sinking did increase withthe daily hours of use, with significant differences. Complications weremild. 3 patients withdrew from follow-up, and 5 out of the 25 patientswho completed treatment achieved a good repair. Conclusions: To increase treatment efficacy, the vacuum bell shouldbe used for 6 hours/day during puberty. This method is well-tolerated,causes mild complications, and may be an alternative to surgery insome cases.(AU)

Postoperative hyperlipasemia in perforated appendicitis in children. / Hiperlipasemia posoperatoria en apendicitis perforada en niños.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the hyperlipasemia cases detected in the postoperative period of perforated appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the perforated appendicitis cases occurred in our institution over a 7-year period (2013-2019) was carried out. Only cases where preoperative and postoperative serum lipase levels were available were included. The variables collected were statistically assessed by means of a descriptive, univariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were studied. They were divided into 3 groups according to postoperative lipase levels - 57 were allocated to Group 1 (lipase: 70-194.0 U/L, normal range), 20 were allocated to Group 2 (lipase: 195-582 U/L), and 11 were allocated to Group 3 (lipase: > 582 U/L, which triples normal levels). Statistically significant differences were found in the following variables: sex, postoperative abscess, postoperative subocclusion/intestinal occlusion, preoperative lipase levels, days of parenteral nutrition, days of ICU stay, and days of hospital stay. Postoperative lipase had a moderate correlation with preoperative lipase, and none of the cases met acute pancreatitis diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperlipasemia in the postoperative period of perforated appendicitis is not associated with developing clinical pancreatitis, but it is associated with worse progression in terms of increased complications, such as subocclusion/intestinal occlusion and intra-abdominal abscess, and longer ICU stay, hospital stay, and parenteral nutrition. There is a moderate correlation between preoperative and postoperative lipase, which means they could both prove useful as prognostic markers.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los casos de hiperlipasemia detectados en el posoperatorio de la apendicitis perforada. MATERIAL Y METODO: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los casos de apendicitis perforada en nuestro centro durante 7 años (2013-2019), seleccionando aquellos con mediciones preoperatorias y posoperatorias de lipasa sérica. Las diferentes variables recogidas se analizaron estadísticamente de manera descriptiva y univariante. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron un total de 88 pacientes que se dividieron en tres grupos según el valor de la lipasa posoperatoria: 57 corresponden al grupo 1 (lipasa 70-194 U/L, rango normal), 20 al grupo 2 (lipasa 195-582 U/L) y 11 al grupo 3 (lipasa > 582 U/L, valor tres veces por encima del normal). Las variables que mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas fueron el sexo, el absceso posoperatorio, la suboclusión/oclusión intestinal posoperatoria, la lipasa preoperatoria, los días de nutrición parenteral, los días de ingreso en UCI y los días de estancia hospitalaria. La lipasa posoperatoria mostró una correlación moderada con la lipasa preoperatoria y ningún caso cumplió criterios diagnósticos de pancreatitis aguda. CONCLUSIONES: La hiperlipasemia en el posoperatorio de la apendicitis perforada no se asocia al desarrollo de pancreatitis clínica, pero sí se asocia a una peor evolución en relación con un aumento de complicaciones, como la suboclusión/oclusión intestinal y el absceso intraabdominal, y un mayor número de días de ingreso en UCI, de días de nutrición parenteral y de estancia hospitalaria. Existe una moderada correlación entre la lipasa preoperatoria y posoperatoria, de modo que ambas podrían ser útiles como marcadores pronósticos.

Hiperlipasemia posoperatoria en apendicitis perforada en niños / Postoperative hyperlipasemia in perforated appendicitis in children

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los casos de hiper-lipasemia detectados en el posoperatorio de la apendicitis perforada.Material y método: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los casos deapendicitis perforada en nuestro centro durante 7 años (2013-2019),seleccionando aquellos con mediciones preoperatorias y posoperatorias de lipasa sérica. Las diferentes variables recogidas se analizaron estadísticamente de manera descriptiva y univariante. Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 88 pacientes que se dividieron en tres grupos según el valor de la lipasa posoperatoria: 57 correspondenal grupo 1 (lipasa 70-194 U/L, rango normal), 20 al grupo 2 (lipasa 195-582 U/L) y 11 al grupo 3 (lipasa > 582 U/L, valor tres veces por encimadel normal). Las variables que mostraron diferencias estadísticamentesignificativas fueron el sexo, el absceso posoperatorio, la suboclusión/oclusión intestinal posoperatoria, la lipasa preoperatoria, los días denutrición parenteral, los días de ingreso en UCI y los días de estanciahospitalaria. La lipasa posoperatoria mostró una correlación moderadacon la lipasa preoperatoria y ningún caso cumplió criterios diagnósticosde pancreatitis aguda. Conclusiones: La hiperlipasemia en el posoperatorio de la apendicitis perforada no se asocia al desarrollo de pancreatitis clínica, perosí se asocia a una peor evolución en relación con un aumento de complicaciones, como la suboclusión/oclusión intestinal y el absceso intraabdominal, y un mayor número de días de ingreso en UCI, de díasde nutrición parenteral y de estancia hospitalaria. Existe una moderadacorrelación entre la lipasa preoperatoria y posoperatoria, de modo queambas podrían ser útiles como marcadores pronósticos.(AU)

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the hyperli-pasemia cases detected in the postoperative period of perforated ap-pendicitis. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the perforatedappendicitis cases occurred in our institution over a 7-year period (2013-2019) was carried out. Only cases where preoperative and postoperativeserum lipase levels were available were included. The variables collectedwere statistically assessed by means of a descriptive, univariate analysis.Results: A total of 88 patients were studied. They were divided into3 groups according to postoperative lipase levels – 57 were allocatedto Group 1 (lipase: 70-194 U/L, normal range), 20 were allocated toGroup 2 (lipase: 195-582 U/L), and 11 were allocated to Group 3 (li-pase: > 582 U/L, which triples normal levels). Statistically significantdifferences were found in the following variables: sex, postoperativeabscess, postoperative subocclusion/intestinal occlusion, preoperativelipase levels, days of parenteral nutrition, days of ICU stay, and daysof hospital stay. Postoperative lipase had a moderate correlation withpreoperative lipase, and none of the cases met acute pancreatitis di-agnostic criteria. Conclusions: Hyperlipasemia in the postoperative period of perfo-rated appendicitis is not associated with developing clinical pancreatitis,but it is associated with worse progression in terms of increased compli-cations, such as subocclusion/intestinal occlusion and intra-abdominalabscess, and longer ICU stay, hospital stay, and parenteral nutrition.There is a moderate correlation between preoperative and postoperativelipase, which means they could both prove useful as prognostic markers.(AU)

[Appendicitis versus nonspecific acute abdominal pain: diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound]. / Apendicitis versus dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico: rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecografía.

PURPOUSE: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to differentiate appendicitis from nonspecific acute abdominal pain, that is the most common process requiring differential diagnosis in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted for suspicion of appendicitis were prospectively evaluated in our hospital during two years (2013-2014). Cases of nonspecific acute abdominal pain and appendicitis assessed by ultrasound were enrolled in the study. The different variables collected were statistically analyzed by descriptive, univariate and diagnostic accuracy studies. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients were studied, 143 cases of nonspecific acute abdominal pain and 132 cases of appendicitis. Ultrasound sensitivity and specificity to differentiate appendicitis were 94.7% and 87.4% respectively, with a 12.6% rate of false positives and a 5.3% rate of false negatives. The rate of false negatives in perforated group was 17.4% and analysis according to Pediatric Appendicitis Score risk groups showed a 12.2% rate of false positives in low-risk group and a 6.3% rate of false negatives in high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultrasound in low clinical probability cases of appendicitis could rise unnecessary surgery rate, due to the significant number of false positives in this group of patients. In high probability clinical cases, ultrasound does not contribute too much to diagnosis and it could be a confusion factor by the significant number of false negative associated to perforated appendicitis.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecografía para diferenciar la apendicitis del dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico, principal proceso con el que requiere diagnóstico diferencial en la práctica clínica. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se evaluaron los pacientes atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis en nuestro centro durante 2 años (2013-2014), incorporando al estudio los casos de dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico y apendicitis en los que se realizó ecografía. Las diferentes variables recogidas se analizaron estadísticamente de manera descriptiva, univariante y con estudios de rendimiento diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 275 casos; 143 casos de dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico y 132 casos de apendicitis. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la ecografía para diferenciar apendicitis fue del 94,7% y 87,4%, respectivamente, con un porcentaje de falsos positivos del 12,6% y de falsos negativos del 5,3%. El porcentaje de falsos negativos en el grupo de apendicitis perforada alcanzó el 17,4% y el análisis según los grupos de riesgo establecidos por el Pediatric Appendicitis Score mostró un porcentaje de falsos positivos del 12,2% en el grupo de bajo riesgo y de falsos negativos del 6,3% en el grupo de alto riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la ecografía en casos de baja probabilidad clínica de apendicitis podría incrementar la tasa de cirugía innecesaria, debido al significativo número de falsos positivos en este grupo de pacientes. En casos de alta probabilidad clínica de apendicitis, la ecografía aporta poco al diagnóstico, e incluso podría ser un factor de confusión por el significativo número de falsos negativos asociados a la apendicitis perforada.

Apendicitis versus dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico: rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecografía / Appendicitis versus nonspecific acute abdominal pain: diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound

Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecografía para diferenciar la apendicitis del dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico, principal proceso con el que requiere diagnóstico diferencial en la práctica clínica. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron los pacientes atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis en nuestro centro durante 2 años (2013-2014), incorporando al estudio los casos de dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico y apendicitis en los que se realizó ecografía. Las diferentes variables recogidas se analizaron estadísticamente de manera descriptiva, univariante y con estudios de rendimiento diagnóstico. Resultados. Se estudiaron 275 casos; 143 casos de dolor abdominal agudo inespecífico y 132 casos de apendicitis. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la ecografía para diferenciar apendicitis fue del 94,7% y 87,4%, respectivamente, con un porcentaje de falsos positivos del 12,6% y de falsos negativos del 5,3%. El porcentaje de falsos negativos en el grupo de apendicitis perforada alcanzó el 17,4% y el análisis según los grupos de riesgo establecidos por el Pediatric Appendicitis Score mostró un porcentaje de falsos positivos del 12,2% en el grupo de bajo riesgo y de falsos negativos del 6,3% en el grupo de alto riesgo. Conclusiones. El uso de la ecografía en casos de baja probabilidad clínica de apendicitis podría incrementar la tasa de cirugía innecesaria, debido al significativo número de falsos positivos en este grupo de pacientes. En casos de alta probabilidad clínica de apendicitis, la ecografía aporta poco al diagnóstico, e incluso podría ser un factor de confusión por el significativo número de falsos negativos asociados a la apendicitis perforada (AU)

Purpose. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to differentiate appendicitis from nonspecific acute abdominal pain, that is the most common process requiring differential diagnosis in clinical practice. Material and methods. Patients admitted for suspicion of appendicitis were prospectively evaluated in our hospital during two years (2013-2014). Cases of nonspecific acute abdominal pain and appendicitis assessed by ultrasound were enrolled in the study. The different variables collected were statistically analyzed by descriptive, univariate and diagnostic accuracy studies. Results. A total of 275 patients were studied, 143 cases of nonspecific acute abdominal pain and 132 cases of appendicitis. Ultrasound sensitivity and specificity to differentiate appendicitis were 94.7% and 87.4% respectively, with a 12.6% rate of false positives and a 5.3% rate of false negatives. The rate of false negatives in perforated group was 17.4% and analysis according to Pediatric Appendicitis Score risk groups showed a 12.2% rate of false positives in low-risk group and a 6.3% rate of false negatives in high-risk group. Conclusions. The use of ultrasound in low clinical probability cases of appendicitis could rise unnecessary surgery rate, due to the significant number of false positives in this group of patients. In high probability clinical cases, ultrasound does not contribute too much to diagnosis and it could be a confusion factor by the significant number of false negative associated to perforated appendicitis (AU)

Ibuprofeno como causa de hemorragia digestiva por divertículo de Meckel / Ibuprofen as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding from a Meckel's diverticulum

El divertículo de Meckel es la malformación congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. La hemorragia digestiva baja, que se asocia a la presencia de mucosa gástrica ectópica, es una de sus formas de presentación en el niño y, generalmente, no se relaciona con un factor desencadenante demostrable. Presentamos los casos de 2 pacientes con hemorragia digestiva baja, en los que se detectó un divertículo de Meckel con mucosa gástrica ectópica. En ambos se había iniciado tratamiento con ibuprofeno poco tiempo antes del inicio del sangrado. Creemos que el ibuprofeno actuó como factor desencadenante de la hemorragia, ya que puede causar una erosión de la mucosa gástrica(AU)

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding associated with ectopic gastric mucosa, is one of its manifestations in children and usually it has not demonstrable triggering factors. We present 2 patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding in which Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic gastric mucosa was detected. Both received ibuprofen treatment started close before bleeding begin. Our opinion ibuprofen was the triggering factor for hemorrhage, because it can cause erosions in the gastric mucosa(AU)

Accidentes de circulación: impacto en un registro de trauma infantil en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia / Traffic accidents: impact on a child trauma registry in the Autonomous Community of Galicia

Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto de los accidentes de circulación en un registro autonómico de trauma pediátrico (RTP). Material y método: Recogida de datos prospectiva, sistemática y multicéntrica durante el año 2009, de pacientes pediátricos con ingreso hospitalario en Galicia. Se analizaron 398 pacientes, 66% varones, con edad media de 7 años y peso medio 30 kg. El 34% fueron accidentes de tráfico. Recibieron asistencia prehospitalaria un 53%, y por personal médico un 38,5%. Resultados: Traslados en ambulancia no medicalizada un 30,8%, medicalizada el 13,8%, medio particular el 53,8%, por propio pie el 1,5%. En ambulancia medicalizada un 38,5% no llevaban vía intravenosa, y un 77,6 % no portaban collarín cervical. De los trasladados en coche un 6,4% llegaron con un Índice de Trauma Pediátrico (ITP)<8. En accidentes de automóvil viajaban sin sistema de retención el 62,5% de los casos, y en los de moto el 30% sin casco. Los sistemas más afectados fueron el aparato locomotor (61,5%), y el área craneofacial (58%). El 73% de los accidentes ocurrió en ciudad y la mayoría entre las 17 y las 20 horas. Conclusiones: Mayor riesgo en varones, mayor frecuencia de accidentes en ciudad y en horario de tarde, afectación mayoritaria del aparato locomotor. La incidencia de ingresos aumenta según disminuye el ITP (AU)

Objetive: To assess the impact of traffic accidents in a regional pediatric trauma registry (PTR). Methods: During 2009 we collected data prospectively, systematic, multi-hospital, in a secure Web database from 398 patients, 66% male, mean age 7 years, and mean weight 30 kg. Of this group received 53% prehospital care and by medical personnel only 38,5%. Inclusion criteria: pediatric patient admited at hospital by accident. Results: Transfer in non medicalised ambulance in 30,8%, medicalized in 13,8%, passenger car in a 53,8% or even walking at 1,5%. Those who were taken by ambulances to a 38,5% had no intravenous and 77,6% did not bring a cervical collar. Of the car moved, 6,4% came with ITP <8 (Pediatric Trauma Index). In car accidents, children had no restraint in 62.5%, and the motorcycle, 30% not wearing a helmet. Most affected systems, highlights the locomotor 61,5% and the craniofacial area with 58%. In the study of the site highlights the city, 73%, and the highway, 20% of the total. For slots, the majority of accidents occurred between 17 and 20 hours. Conclusions: The RTP shows a bleak picture in terms of initial support to pediatric trauma is concerned, and specifically in road accidents (AU)

Tumoración vaginal de diagnóstico prenatal / Prenatal diagnosis of vaginal tumors

No disponible

Enteric duplication cyst resembling umbilical cord cyst.

We report a case of a neonatal male with a prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord cyst that was finally diagnosed as an ileal duplication cyst after post-natal surgical exploration of the umbilical mass. To our knowledge, a similar case has never been reported previously. Although this form of presentation of enteric duplication cyst is exceptional, it should be taken into consideration when evaluating suspected umbilical cord cysts.

[Supernumerary intrascrotal ectopic spleen: discontinuous splenogonadal fusion]. / Bazo ectópico supernumerario intraescrotal: fusión esplenogonadal discontinua.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation that results from abnormal connection of splenic tissue with the gonad or the mesonephric structures during embryonic development. It is usually detected in males and is classified into two types, continuous and discontinuous. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with an asymptomatic scrotal mass that was suspicious for discontinuous splenogonadal fusion on Doppler ultrasonography. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision and histological analysis. Splenogonadal fusion is a benign anomaly that has sometimes led to unnecessary orchidectomy because of suspicion that the mass represented a malignant tumor. Consequently, it is essential to include this malformation in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses in children.

Bazo ectópico supernumerario intraescrotal: fusión esplenogonadal discontinua / Supernumerary intrascrotal ectopic spleen: discontinuous splenogonadal fusion

La fusión esplenogonadal es una rara malformación congénita que resulta de la unión anómala de tejido esplénico con la gónada o derivados mesonéfricos durante el desarrollo embrionario. Se detecta fundamentalmente en varones y se describen dos formas, continua y discontinua. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 3 años con una masa escrotal asintomática sospechosa de fusión esplenogonadal discontinua en la ecografía Doppler realizada. La extirpación quirúrgica y el análisis histológico confirman el diagnóstico. La fusión esplenogonadal es una anomalía benigna que en ocasiones ha motivado una innecesaria orquidectomía ante la sospecha de un tumor maligno, por lo que es esencial incluirla dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de las masas escrotales en el niño

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation that results from abnormal connection of splenic tissue with the gonad or the mesonephric structures during embryonic development. It is usually detected in males and is classified into two types, continuous and discontinuous. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with an asymptomatic scrotal mass that was suspicious for discontinuous splenogonadal fusion on Doppler ultrasonography. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision and histological analysis. Splenogonadal fusion is a benign anomaly that has sometimes led to unnecessary orchidectomy because of suspicion that the mass represented a malignant tumor. Consequently, it is essential to include this malformation in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses in children

Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Müllerian malformations include a broad range of anomalies, resulting from the incomplete formation and/or differentiation of the Müllerian ducts. The uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina represents the result of a lateral nonfusion of the Müllerian ducts with asymmetric obstruction, and it is almost always associated with renal agenesis. We report a case of incidental discovery of this anomaly in a 12-year-old girl during a routine renal ultrasound. A right multicystic dysplastic kidney had been detected in the prenatal and neonatal period with no evidence of uterine anomaly. Postnatal ultrasound examinations performed regularly had never detected either right renal tissue or the uterine anomaly before menarche. Hematocolpos after menarche made uterine anomaly detection easier. Magnetic resonance imaging performed to evaluate the uterine malformation detected a dysplastic right kidney. We review the present knowledge and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of this anomaly, and we emphasize the use of magnetic resonance imaging not only for the evaluation and classification of Müllerian malformations, but also for the detection of the persistence of renal tissue missed with other studies.

Microlitiasis testicular. Significado clínico e implicaciones terapéuticas / Testicular microlithiasis: clinical significance and therapeutic implications

La microlitiasis testicular es un hallazgo ecográfico poco frecuente que habitualmente suele asociarse con patología intraescrotal. Presentamos 2 casos clínicos de pacientes pediátricos de 11 y 12 años de edad que debutaron con un cuadro de torsión de teste derecho y orquiepididimitis izquierda respectivamente con la existencia de microcalcificaciones múltiples testiculares bilaterales. Revisamos la literatura internacional sobre esta entidad y proponemos una actitud a seguir ante este diagnóstico (AU)

[Testicular microlithiasis. Clinical significance and therapeutic implications]. / Microlitiasis testicular. Significado clínico e implicaciones terapéuticas.

Testicular microlithiasis is a rare condition usually diagnosed by scrotal ultrasound and associated with pathology of the testis. We report two pediatric cases presented with acute scrotum. Testicular sonography revealed significant bilateral testicular microlithiasis. One case was diagnosed as having torsion of the right testis and the other case as orchiepididymitis. A careful review of the literature is made and a periodic follow-up of this disease is advocated.

[Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma]. / Rabdomiosarcoma paratesticular.

We report a case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a six-year-old boy. The clinical presentation was subacute. The patient underwent a radical right inguinal orchidectomy. It was classified in IRS-III stage IA (based in the Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study). Subsequently, the child received 3 chemotherapy courses (9 weeks) with vincristine and actinomycin D. The patient is found to be asymptomatic 1 year after the treatment.

[Retrocaval ureter in children: surgical approach based on the obstructive pattern in the diuretic renogram with 99mTc DTPA]. / Uréter retrocavo en edad pediátrica: actitud quirúrgica en base al patrón obstructivo en el renograma diuretico 99mTc DTPA.

Retrocaval ureter is a rare disease in childhood which is due to a abnormal development of the inferior cava vein. We report a new case of retrocaval ureter in a 9 year-old girl who had consulted for macrohematuria and right flank pain. Preoperative intravenous urography and DTPA diuretic renogram suggested this entity. CT scan was no necessary for the diagnosis. We consider the diuretic renogram the best diagnostic method in the surgical decision of this disease.

[Ureteral hydronephrosis secondary to appendicular abscess]. / Ureterohidronefrosis secundaria a absceso apendicular.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ureterohydronephrosis secondary to an undiagnosed appendiceal abscess. METHODS/RESULTS: Herein we describe a case of a 4-year-old girl with right ureterohydronephrosis arising from extrinsic compression of the right ureter due to an undiagnosed appendiceal abscess. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and the abscess was drained. Regular isotope and US assessments showed both the residual retroperitoneal fibrosis and renoureteral dilation had decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Acute appendicitis is still the most common cause of emergency abdominal operations in children. Although the symptoms are easily recognizable and generally lead to the correct diagnosis in most cases, the peculiarities of childhood can lead to errors in the diagnosis resulting in the complications reported herein. We emphasize the usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnosis and conservative treatment is advocated.